Upper Ohio Frontier Retreat - Genealogy

Description

Frontier Retreat
On the Upper Ohio
1779 - 1881
By Louise Phillips Kellog, 1917
549
pages, indexed, searchable
- Bonus -
Frontier Defense
On the Upper Ohio
1777 - 1778
By Louise Phillips Kellog, 1912
369  pages, indexed, searchable
- Bonus -
Frontier Advance
On the Upper Ohio
1778 - 1779
By Louise Phillips Kellog, 1916
522  pages, indexed, searchable
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This collection of original documents chronicles two critical years of the Revolutionary War
along the western frontier of the United States.
The central figure in the book is Col. Daniel Brodhead, the commandant at Fort Pitt. Most of the action described
in the correspondence and other documents unfolds in the frontier communities of Fort Pitt, Fort Vincennes, Detroit,
Wheeling, and other places in western Pennsylvania, southwestern Virginia, and Kentucky.
Genealogists will find numerous references to the thousands of settlers who flocked into the region at this time,
despite the threat of Indian reprisal.
From his headquarters at Fort Pitt, Brodhead directed numerous raids against hostile native tribes, often leading the expeditions personally.
His most famous raid came against the Seneca tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy between August 11 and September 14, 1779. Brodhead
left Fort Pitt with a contingent of 605 soldiers and militia to go into northwestern Pennsylvania. He followed the Allegheny River up
into New York, where he drove the Seneca out of their villages. As most of the warriors were away fighting the Sullivan Expedition further
east in New York, Brodhead met little resistance in destroying the villages, crops and people at the heart of the Seneca nation.
In 1781, some of the Lenape-Delaware ended their neutrality and sided with the British. In retaliation, Brodhead invaded their territory in central
Ohio and destroyed the main village of Coshocton in what is now east-central Ohio. As a result of Brodhead's campaign, the Delaware fled from
eastern Ohio. They also vowed vengeance.[2]
He retained command of the Western Department until September 17, 1781, when he was replaced by General John Gibson. He had turned over
command in May 1781, but returned in August and tried to regain control from Gibson, in the process arresting Gibson. However George Washington
sent orders which led to Broadhead's permanent removal from command at Fort Pitt.[3] Broadhead was removed from his command over allegations
of mishandling supplies and money. Brodhead had made impressment (the forced sale of supplies) a policy. He had spent money intended for
bonuses to recruit new militiamen to purchase supplies for his existing troops. Brodhead was acquitted of all charges except misspending the recruiting
money. George Washington had been aware of the impressment and had given his tacit approval, as the Continental Army was struggling to keep
going. Furthermore, the court martial ruled Broadhead justified in spending the recruiting money on supplies, and he was not punished.
A short time later, George Washington brevetted him a brigadier general. Brodhead spent the remainder of the war
as commander of the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment.
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